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The Paranapanema River (Portuguese, ''Rio Paranapanema'') is one of the most important rivers of the interior of the Brazilian state of São Paulo. The river forms most of the boundary between the states of São Paulo and Paraná. From source to mouth the Paranapanema River has an elevation drop of . The river's length is about . It flows generally west, reaching the Paraná River at an altitude of about .〔Calculated with (GeoLocator )〕 The sources of the Paranapanema River are situated in the Serra Agudos Grandes, in south-central São Paulo, approximately from the Atlantic coast. From the sources to the mouth of the Itararé River, the Paranapaneba flows within the territory of São Paulo state. Below the Itararé the Paranapanema forms the border between the states of Paraná and São Paulo. The river is associated with a date according to State Law 10.488/99 (Antônio Salim Curiati), sanctioned by Governor Mário Covas, designated as August 27. The Paranapanema is the least polluted river of the state of São Paulo.〔() State Discussion Fórum on the conditions of the Paranapanema River〕 ==Gradient== The average total gradient of the Paranapanema River, from its sources to its mouth in the Paraná river is 61 cm/km, not considering the first 100 km, where the river descends from the Serra of Paranapiacaba, at an average gradient of 43 cm/km, a value relatively low for a stream with a length of 929 km. The Paranapanema river may be divided into three principal stretches: 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Paranapanema River」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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